New Study Supports Body Shape Index as Predictor of Mortality
In 2012, Dr. Nir Krakauer, an assistant professor of civil engineering in CCNY’s Grove School of Engineering, and his father, Dr. Jesse Krakauer, MD, developed a new method to quantify the risk specifically associated with abdominal obesity.
A follow-up study, published February 20 by the online journal PLoS ONE, supports their contention that the technique, known as A Body Shape Index (ABSI), is a more effective predictor of mortality than Body Mass Index (BMI), the most common measure used to define obesity.
The team analyzed data for 7,011 adults, 18+, who participated in the first Health and Lifestyle Survey (HALS1), conducted in Great Britain in the mid 1980s, and a follow-up survey seven years later (HALS2). The sample was broadly representative of the British population in terms of region, employment status, national origin, and age. They used National Health Service records through 2009 to identify deaths and cancer cases: 2,203 deaths were recorded among the sample population.
Then, they compared all-cause mortality from the HALS sample with ABSI and other variables, including BMI, waist circumference, waist - hip ratio and waist - height ratio.
The analysis found ABSI to be a strong indicator of mortality hazard among the HALS population. Death rates increased by a factor of 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.16) for each standard deviation increase in ABSI. Persons with ABSI in the top 20 percent were found to have death rates 61 percent than those with ABSI in the bottom 20 percent.
The results tracked closely with the earlier study, which used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted in the United States between 1999 and 2004. This provides stronger evidence that ABSI is a valid indicator of the risk of premature death across different populations. Further, they showed that ABSI outperformed commonly used measures of abdominal obesity, including waist circumference, waist - hip ratio and waist - height ratio.
ABDOMINAL obesity, also known as belly fat or central obesity, is excessive fat around the stomach and abdomen. This is seen in men of all age groups and even in those whose frames are quite slim.
But, while some men may think it cute or normal to have extra padding around the waist, doctors say it can be very risky.
According to local fitness expert Greg Dawkins, bad eating habits and consuming too much processed food are some reasons for men developing abdominal obesity.
“A lot of times we think that it is actually fat, but it’s not really 100 per cent fat, you will find out that there is a lot of matter in the large intestines caused by undigested foods,” Dawkins said.
“You have to eat a lot more raw vegetables, steamed vegetables, and a lot more fruits and other things in their natural state. Lay off the processed foods, lay off the alcohol and drink a lot of water and reduce your sugar intake,” he said.
Other causes of belly fat include genetics, which can affect a man’s potential of being overweight or obese, as well as play a role in where the fat is stored. Abdominal obesity has also been linked to Alzheimer’s disease as well as other metabolic and vascular diseases.
Also, because the data came from two surveys seven years apart, the researchers were able to assess the effect of change in ABSI on mortality. The found an increase in ABSI correlated with increased risk of death, and that the more recent ABSI measurement was a more reliable predictor. Noting this, the researchers contend that further investigation is warranted into whether lifestyle or other interventions could reduce ABSI and help people live longer.
Persons curious about their ABSI and how it compares with the general population can try the online calculator at www-ce.ccny.cuny.edu/nir/sw/absi-calculator.html.
About The City College of New York
Since 1847, The City College of New York has provided low-cost, high-quality education for New Yorkers in a wide variety of disciplines. More than 16,000 students pursue undergraduate and graduate degrees in: the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences; the Bernard and Anne Spitzer School of Architecture; the School of Education; the Grove School of Engineering; the Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, and the Colin Powell School for Civic and Global Leadership. U.S. News, Princeton Review and Forbes all rank City College among the best colleges and universities in the United States.
Abdominal obesity
Also Known As: belly fat, central obesity, central adiposity, intra-abdominal fat
Abdominal obesity refers to the presence of excess fat in the abdominal area. Those who are “apple-shaped” tend to store excess body fat around their stomach and abdomen.
Abdominal obesity is typically measured by waist circumference; a measurement of 40 inches or more in men and 35 inches or more in women indicates abdominal obesity.
Excess fat in the abdomen is considered an independent predictor of risk factors and morbidity, meaning the likelihood for developing diseases is higher for those with abdominal obesity.
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