Pectin is a soluble but hard-to-digest fiber found in most plants. Modified citrus pectin (sold as MCP) is pectin that’s been extracted from orange and lemon rinds - two particularly rich sources of the fiber - and chemically altered to make it more digestible. Recent, preliminary research suggests that compounds in MCP may bind to proteins on the surfaces of cancer cells, thereby preventing them from clustering into tumors.

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Uses: Supplements are taken in an effort to prevent the spread of malignant melanoma and prostate, colon, pancreatic and breast cancer. They’re also sometimes used in an attempt to prevent stroke and Alzheimer’s disease, lower cholesterol and absorb heavy metals.

Dose: Manufacturer-recommended doses vary widely. Supplements are available in powder and tablet form, and should be taken with fluids.

Precautions: MCP can cause gas and cramps, and high doses can act as a laxative. The supplements may, like unmodified pectin, decrease absorption of some essential minerals, including iron and calcium.

Research: Several studies support the claim that pectin lowers cholesterol levels, and limited animal research suggests it may help prevent colorectal cancer. Lab studies and one small-scale human trial suggest modified citrus pectin may slow the development of prostate and other forms of cancer, but much more research is needed to confirm the fiber’s effects in any form. Claims that MCP can fend off Alzheimer’s have not been substantiated.