Due possibly to public health strategies implemented in the late 1980s, England had some of the lowest rates of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among injecting drug users during the 1990s. Now, new research suggests that these historically low rates have disappeared.

As reported in the British Medical Journal, Dr. Ali Judd, from Imperial College London, and colleagues evaluated the rate of HIV and HCV infection among injecting drug users in 2001 by surveying and testing blood samples from 428 subjects.

The subjects were younger than 30 years, had been injecting drugs for no more than 6 years, and had come mainly from London.

The rate of HCV and HIV infection when the study began was 44 and 4.2 percent, respectively. During 1-year follow-up, 53 individuals became infected with HCV and 9 with HIV.

The results suggest that rates of HCV and HIV infection are increasing among injecting drug users (IDUs) in England, the researchers note.

“Possible explanations for the rising incidence include changes in patterns of injecting drug use, with greater injection of crack and injecting risk behavior in newer IDUs than in those injecting in the early to mid-1990s,” the authors state.

“Innovative strategies are required, specific to HCV and to HIV, to change behavior and to deliver health education messages and harm reduction strategies early enough to make a difference,” they add.

SOURCE: British Medical Journal, November 11th online issue, 2004.