Rheumatoid arthritis alone is painful and disabling, but it also puts patients at higher risk of death. The greater susceptibility to infections that accompanies the autoimmune disorder is one reason. Assessing the danger of infection a particular patient faces so it can be addressed can prove challenging for physicians. A Mayo Clinic study finds that a risk score can be developed to predict a patient’s chances of having serious infections. The score uses information about how rheumatoid arthritis is affecting a patient, plus factors including age, corticosteroid use and the presence of other illnesses.

The findings are published online in the American College of Rheumatology journal Arthritis & Rheumatism.

Using the National Institutes of Health-funded Rochester Epidemiology Project, researchers studied medical records of 584 rheumatoid arthritis patients diagnosed between 1955 and 1994 and followed up on until January 2000. Of those, 252, or nearly half, had more than one serious infection requiring hospitalization and/or intravenous antibiotic; those 252 collectively racked up 646 infections.

The Mayo team developed an infection risk score based on those and other rheumatoid arthritis patients they studied.

Factors in the calculation include age; previous serious infections; corticosteroid use; a low white blood cell count; elevated results in a blood test used to detect signs of inflammation, called an erythrocyte sedimentation rate; signs of rheumatoid arthritis outside joints; and the presence of other serious conditions such as heart disease, heart failure, diabetes, lung disease, vascular disease and alcoholism. They confirmed the usefulness of the risk score in a second group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis from the same population.

“Using a risk score in this way can alert physicians that their patient is at high risk for infection and needs more frequent follow-ups, measures for infection prevention and possible changes in treatments,” says senior author Eric Matteson, M.D., chair of the Division of Rheumatology at Mayo Clinic.

“Rheumatoid arthritis patients are at higher risk of infection, and that risk is clearly not just because of the arthritis drugs.”

More research is needed to determine the level of infection risk at which patients get the most benefit from medications to prevent infection and how infection risk might affect use of a category of rheumatoid arthritis drugs called disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, or DMARDs, such as biologics, the study says.

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The research was funded by Genentech, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases and the Rochester Epidemiology Project, which is funded by a National Institute on Aging grant. Study sponsor Genentech approved the study design and reviewed and approved the manuscript before it was submitted; the Mayo Clinic study authors independently designed the study, collected the data, interpreted the results, wrote the manuscript and had the final decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Dr. Matteson has received research grants from Centocor, Genentech, Human Genome Sciences, Pfizer, Novartis and UCB.

The co-authors are Cynthia Crowson, Deana Hoganson, M.D., and Patrick Fitz-Gibbon of Mayo Clinic.

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Sharon Theimer
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