Teasing tied to less physical activity among kids
Children who are teased while playing sports tend to have a worse quality of life than their non-teased peers, a new study suggests. Some of them may also become less active over time.
“Teasing not only influences psychological functioning but may reduce physical activity and lead to poorer physical, social, and emotional functioning for children,” Chad D. Jensen told Reuters Health in an email. He led the study at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah.
The link between teasing and less physical activity is particularly concerning considering most children are already not exercising as much as they should.
Previous research shows less than one in 10 children meets the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ recommendation to participate in at least one hour of moderate or vigorous physical activity every day.
Jensen and his colleagues surveyed 108 kids, aged nine to 12, in 2010 and again in 2011. They asked kids about their participation in 21 different types of physical activity before, during and after school and how often they had been teased while playing sports or exercising since kindergarten.
The researchers also asked the kids how well they functioned physically, emotionally, with friends and at school. Together those measures were used to determine children’s health-related quality of life.
Less Physical Activity: Obesity Cause or Effect?
Does less physical activity cause obesity or does obesity cause less physical activity? It’s a chicken or egg puzzle that many overlook. People generally, and especially advocates for the food industry, are pretty sure that reduced physical activity is a prime cause of the obesity epidemic. New research soon to be published in Obesity shows that the impact of obesity on physical activity is worth a fresh look. Results show that obesity is an important risk factor for declining physical activity.
“Most people talk about it as if it’s a cycle,” said Larry Tucker, the senior investigator on the study. “Half of the cycle has been studied almost without limit. This is the first study of its kind, in many ways, looking at obesity leading to decreases in physical activity over time.”
To study this reciprocal effect objectively, the researchers attached an accelerometer to more than 250 participants. Accelerometers measure actual movement and intensity of activity. Previous studies have relied on less-dependable self-reported data.
The 254 women in the study - of which 124 had obesity - were instructed to wear the accelerometer for seven consecutive days at the beginning of the study, and then again for an additional week 20 months later, at the end of the study.
On average, physical activity in women with obesity dropped by 8 percent over the course of 20 months. This is equivalent to decreasing moderate to vigorous physical activity by 28 minutes per week. In contrast, women without obesity had essentially no change.
Children who were teased reported a worse quality of life than those who were not.
In particular, overweight and obese kids who reported being teased on the first survey had a poorer quality of life both initially and again one year later, the researchers write in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology.
“Negative effects of teasing appear to be persistent, affecting important outcomes one year after teasing is reported,” Jensen said.
Normal-weight kids who reported being teased on the first survey were more likely to become less active over the next year. For overweight and obese children, teasing reported in year two was linked to less physical activity the same year.
Kids get less physical activity than parents believe
Children aren’t getting enough physical activity and move even less than their parents believe, a new report released today suggests.
Statistics Canada researchers measured the physical activity levels of children and recorded the times and days of the week the youngsters were sedentary.
The agency, which surveyed 878 children aged six to 11 and their families between 2007 and 2009, found that children spent more than 7½ hours a day being inactive.
As well, there was a big gap between how much and how intensely the children moved compared to what their parents believed.
On average, parents reported that their children engaged in nearly 105 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity such as running each day, but in fact, they were only participating in 63 minutes daily.
“If parents don’t have a good handle on how much activity their kids are getting throughout the day, then they won’t know if their child is someone who needs to be engaged in more activity,” said author Rachel Colley of the agency’s health analysis division in Ottawa.
“School policy makers are encouraged to think of this form of peer victimization as a direct threat to children’s health outcomes,” write Jensen and his co-authors.
“These findings provide support for comprehensive bullying prevention programs and suggest that efforts to reduce peer victimization in the context of physical activity participation may be helpful in promoting physical activity participation and children’s quality of life,” Jensen said.
David Palmiter, a psychologist at Marywood University in Scranton, Pennsylvania, said the findings are not surprising.
“Being teased or being bullied in any kind of an ongoing way itself is a symptom . . . and worsens symptoms,” he said. Kids who are teased “often have vulnerabilities,” such as low self-esteem, before the teasing starts.
“Any kid, no matter how healthy they are, can have isolated instances of bullying,” he told Reuters Health. But a pattern of consistent bullying probably points to inner pain in the child who is bullied, said Palmiter, who wasn’t involved in the new research.
He said one way to address or prevent repeated teasing is to increase the size of children’s friend circles, so they’re not always on the fringes. That way, “They can travel from class to class with a pack,” he said.
Parents can arrange sleepovers and other activities with children’s peers outside of school and boost their children’s confidence by identifying their areas of strength and making sure they are regularly exposed to these areas.
In addition, Palmiter stressed the importance of parents spending one-on-one time with their children, focused entirely on what the child is doing or saying.
He also echoed Jensen’s sentiment about the importance of comprehensive bullying prevention programs.
“Every school should have an anti-bullying program,” Palmiter said.
SOURCE: Journal of Pediatric Psychology, online November 29, 2013