The program also cut back on cavities in kids older than three-and-a-half.

The program didn’t reduce the number of treatments for cavities between the ages of two and three-and-a-half, however. The researchers speculate that some of the children in that age group might already have had Tooth decay when they came for their first fluoride treatment.

The study did not look at whether the program ultimately saves money. Medicaid pays about $55 for each preventive visit.

Cost-effectiveness is a question for future studies, Pahel’s team writes.

Hayes agreed that future studies need to look at costs; her home state of Illinois has started a similar Medicaid program, and a majority of U.S. states have made changes in Medicaid to reimburse doctors for preventive dental care in young children.

Hayes said that parents can also take steps to prevent early Tooth decay.

“Get your child used to having a toothbrush right away,” she suggested. When teeth are first emerging, parents can use a soft brush made for babies, along with water, to gently brush along the teeth and gums.

According to Hayes, parents should always brush young children’s teeth for them, since they lack the motor skills to do it properly. “Start early and make it a routine,” she said, “so it’s not an option.”

SOURCE: Pediatrics, online February 28, 2011.