Early HIV-1 Infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection • Feb 03 06 Although less common than in the late stages of HIV-1 infection, the nervous system may also be afflicted earlier, indeed as early as the stage of primary infection and seroconversion. Thus, individual reports have… Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Neurologic Complications of HIV-1 Infection • Feb 03 06 The neurologic complications of HIV-1 infection are both common and varied. Indeed, only rarely do the central and peripheral nervous systems of HIV-infected patients remain unaffected through the course of untreated disease.… Behavior changed AIDS epidemic in Zimbabwe • HIV/AIDS news • Feb 03 06 People in Zimbabwe, a country hard hit by AIDS, have been able to slow the spread of the virus by changing their sexual behavior, including limiting partners, delaying sex and using… Indian man sued after hiding HIV status from wife • HIV/AIDS news • Feb 01 06 An HIV-positive man has been arrested in India’s western state of Gujarat after his wife accused him of concealing his disease for over four years, police said on… HIV testing and counseling reduces high-risk sexual behavior and prevents HIV transmission in Tanzan • HIV/AIDS news • Jan 27 06 Offering free HIV tests instead of charging a small fee is more cost-effective at preventing HIV infections and draws in three times as… Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses • Jan 25 06 Following the discovery of HIV-1 as the cause of epidemic AIDS in the United States, Europe, and Asia, patients in West Africa with AIDS-like symptoms were identified whose sera reacted more strongly… Vaccine Development • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Prevention of HIV infection • Jan 25 06 Education is the only means of HIV prevention currently available. Over the past few years significant efforts have been directed toward the development of an effective vaccine against HIV. Although substantial progress has been achieved,… Transmission from Infected Health Care Workers to their Patients • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Prevention of HIV infection • Jan 25 06 In July 1990, the first case of possible transmission of HIV from an infected health care worker (dentist) to his patients was reported. Six patients are believed to… Transmission of HIV to Health Care Workers • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Prevention of HIV infection • Jan 25 06 Transmission of HIV in the health care delivery setting has been the subject of intense investigation throughout the course of the epidemic. The percentage of health care workers with AIDS… Transmission of HIV Through Blood Products • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Prevention of HIV infection • Jan 25 06 HIV has been transmitted via transfusion of single-donor blood and blood products, including whole blood, fresh frozen plasma, packed red blood cells, cryoprecipitate, clotting factors, and platelets. Prior to May 1985,… HIV Transmission in Intravenous Drug Users • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Prevention of HIV infection • Jan 25 06 The primary mode of HIV transmission in IVDUs is sharing of contaminated needles and syringes. Sharing of injection paraphernalia (“works”) is commonplace among IVDUs and is reinforced by the cultural economic… Modes of HIV transmission and prevention • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Prevention of HIV infection • Jan 25 06 Sexual Transmission HIV infection is a sexually transmitted disease (STD). Like other STDs, HIV spreads bidirectionally and appears to be transmitted from male to female and female to male with… Prevention of HIV infection • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Prevention of HIV infection • Jan 25 06 Prevention of HIV infection requires a thorough understanding of the modes of viral transmission, the populations at risk, and the established guidelines to avoid high-risk exposures. HIV has been identified in virtually every… Other Modes of Transmission • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 Throughout the world, the above routes of transmission have accounted for the overwhelming majority of HIV infections, but there has been considerable concern about other theoretical modes of transmission, especially through “casual” contact… AIDS and HIV infection outside the United States • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 Within 3 years after the syndrome was recognized in the United States, cases of AIDS were reported from every continent. By November of 1997, more than 1.7 million cases… Perinatal Transmission • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 HIV is transmitted from an infected woman to her fetus or newborn during pregnancy or delivery or through breast-feeding. HIV detected in fetal tissues and HIV isolated in cord blood provide suggestive evidence that transmission… Transmission Through Parenteral Exposure to Blood or Blood Products • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 HIV is transmitted to IDUs by parenteral exposure to contaminated injection equipment, including needles. Risk factors for infection include frequency of needle sharing, duration of injecting drug use,… Transmission in the Health Care Environment • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 Exposure to HIV-infected blood poses a definite risk for HIV infection for health care, laboratory, and home health care workers. Large prospective collaborative studies have found the risk of seroconversion following… Discovery of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses • Jan 25 06 The identification of HIV-1 as the causative agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) just 3 years after the clinical syndrome initially was described represents a remarkable scientific achievement that had its roots… Cell Tropism • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses • Jan 25 06 The hallmark of AIDS is a selective depletion of CD4+ helper-inducer lymphocytes. This defect is believed to result largely from the selective tropism of HIV-1 for this population of cells based on the high affinity… Viral Pathogenesis • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses • Jan 25 06 Retroviral diseases are typically characterized by restricted viral gene expression, latency, and lifelong persistence of virus in the face of substantial host immune responses. From cohort studies of individuals infected with HIV-1 at known points… Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 The first cases of what has become known as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) were reported in mid-1981 from Los Angeles, California. One month following these five reports of Pneumocystis carinii… Molecular Structure and Function of HIV-1 • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Biology of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses • Jan 25 06 The HIV-1 genome, like other retroviral genomes, is diploid, consisting of two identical viral RNA molecules assembled in a hydrogen-bonded 70S complex. These genomic subunits are plus strands of viral RNA… Prevalence and Incidence of HIV Infection in the United States • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 Trends in reported AIDS cases do not provide a complete picture of the prevalence of the public health problem that HIV infection poses for a population group,… Indicence and trends of AIDS in the United States • HIV and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrom • • Epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS • Jan 25 06 By December 1997, 641,086 cases of AIDS in adults and children had been reported to the CDC; and >390,000 were reported to have died, including >80% of those… Page 39 of 45 pages « First < 37 38 39 40 41 > Last » << Back to main
