Surveillance Options for Individuals with BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutations • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 Surveillance options for individuals with germline BRCA mutations are necessarily built on expert opinion. Unfortunately, there has been no formal demonstration that any approach will impact cancer-specific mortality… Clinical Aspects of BRCA-Associated Breast and Ovarian Cancer • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 From a clinical perspective, it is important to determine whether or not BRCA-associated malignancies are distinct, either in appearance, biology or outcome. BRCA-associated breast cancers are usually infiltrating ductal… Cancer Risks in Individuals with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 The identification of unaffected women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations provides an opportunity to reduce cancer mortality by enrolling such ndividuals in intensive surveillance and prevention programs.… Other Causes of Hereditary Breast Cancer • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 It is important to bear in mind that not all families with a pedigree suggestive of hereditary breast cancer are linked to BRCA1 or BRCA2. Alterations in other genes, such as… Ethnic Status and Mutation Prevalence - Hereditary Breast Cancer • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 Ethnic status strongly influences the probability of detecting a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. In the United States, Jewish women do not, as a group, manifest a significantly… Probability of Detecting Mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 The probability of detecting a BRCA mutation in a given individual varies greatly with the clinical scenario. In two population-based series of unselected breast cancer cases, the rate of… Functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and the Mechanism of Hereditary Susceptibility • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 The functions of BRCA1 and BRCA2 are incompletely defined. The genes share little sequence homology, although there are some similarities in exon structure. The susceptibility… Hereditary Breast Cancer and the Identification of BRCA1 and BRCA2 • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 There are several possible explanations for the observed tendency of breast cancer to cluster in families. Chance may cause a common disorder such as breast cancer to… Hereditary Breast Cancer • Breast Cancer • • Hereditary Breast Cancer • Jun 13 08 Familial Breast Cancer A family history of breast cancer has been consistently recognized as one of the most important risk factors for the disease. Various studies have suggested that between 15-25% of… Molecular Biology of Preliferative Breast Disease • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 A number of genes have been identified as putative oncogenes in breast cancer based on expression in breast cancer and correlation with prognosis or as tumor suppressor genes by LOH. A… Conclusion - Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 The number of genetic alterations seen in breast cancer makes the task of constructing a model of genetic progression daunting. In general, the cUnician pays little attention to… Experimental Model for human proliferative Breast Disease • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 Recently, we established a new and unique model of early human breast cancer progression. This model, which is called “MCFIOAT”, consists of preneoplastic human breast epithelial cells that are able… Other Suppressor Genes • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 A number of other suppressor genes have been implicated in breast cancer. Nm23, originally characterized as a metastasis suppressor gene, has been reported to be uniformly expressed in all epithehal cells of benign… Estrogen Receptor • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 To many, progression of breast cancer and loss of estrogen receptor (ER) are synonymous. The perception is that normal breast tissue is ER*, is growth stimulated by estrogen, and is dependent upon estrogen for growth.… Invasion and Proteases • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 An increase in expression of enzymes capable of degrading basement membranes and extracellular matrix would be expected to occur in the progression to invasive cancer. This has been observed for cathepsin D (Zhao et… Angiogenesis of Early Breast Lesions • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 Angiogenesis is known to be important in metastasis, and microvasculature density, defined as vessels per unit area, has been reported to be a reliable prognostic indicator in early stage breast cancer (Weidner… Orthotopic Tissue Interactions • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 Most of what is known about the role of mammary tissue interactions in progression is based on studies with preneoplastic mouse mammary tissues. These lesions require normal mammary stroma for growth and progression to… Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions - Introduction • Breast Cancer • • Biology of High Risk Benign Breast Lesions • Jun 12 08 The natural history of breast cancer indicates that it develops over years-even decades-and may progress through recognizable stages of proliferative breast disease. Although breast cancers are slow growing,… Future Directions in Breast Cancer Genetics • Breast Cancer Causes • • Inherited Genetic Factors • Jun 11 08 Elucidation of the basic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer and numerous potential applications await further study of BRCA1, BRCA2, and other breast cancer susceptibility genes. Patients carrying… Li-Fraumeni Syndrome • Breast Cancer Causes • • Inherited Genetic Factors • Jun 11 08 Li-Fraumeni syndrome was first identified in 1969 in a description of four kindreds identified through children with sarcomas whose cousins or siblings also had childhood soft-tissue sarcomas and whose other relatives had excessive cancer occurrence.… Hereditary Breast Cancer Syndromes • Breast Cancer Causes • • Inherited Genetic Factors • Jun 11 08 The study of clinical syndromes that include an increased incidence of breast cancer has provided insight into the mechanisms by which genetic mutations result in the development of breast cancer. The most frequently… How Much Breast Cancer is Inherited? • Breast Cancer Causes • • Inherited Genetic Factors • Jun 11 08 Two groups have analyzed data from the Cancer and Steroid Hormone (CASH) Study, a large case-control study initiated in 1981. In this study group, 11% of breast cancer patients reported a… Familial Breast Cancer in Nonwhite Populations • Breast Cancer Causes • • Inherited Genetic Factors • Jun 11 08 Even though researchers are beginning to understand the influence of genetic factors on the incidence of breast cancer in largely white, Western populations of women, very little is known about breast… Epidemiologic Studies of Familial Breast Cancer • Breast Cancer Causes • • Inherited Genetic Factors • Jun 11 08 The first attempts to determine the influence of family history on breast cancer risk were published in the first half of the twentieth century. Although many of these studies have methodological… Breast Cancer Inherited Genetic Factors • Breast Cancer Causes • • Inherited Genetic Factors • Jun 11 08 Introduction Although noninherited factors certainly play a major role in familial clustering of breast cancer, breast cancer susceptibility genes appear directly responsible for 5% to 10% of all breast cancer. Much… Page 147 of 217 pages « First < 145 146 147 148 149 > Last » << Back to main
