Radiation Therapy Following Breast - Conserving Surgery
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery significantly decreases the risk of recurrence in the breast. In the NSABP B-6 trial, breast irradiation following breast-conserving surgery in women age 70 or younger…


 

Invasive Breast Cancer: Early-Stage Disease
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Local Therapy

Local treatment refers to treatment directed at the breast and regional lymph nodes. Local treatment alone can be curative in the majority of patients with stage I breast cancer and…


 

Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (Intraductal Carcinoma)
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in a noninvasive form of breast cancer in which tumor cells are confined to the ductolobular system and surrounded by an intact basement membrane. If left…


 

Treatment
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Disease status, comorbidity, life expectancy, patient preferences, and goals of therapy should guide treatment of an older patient with breast cancer. These decisions should be made with an understanding of the treatment regimens that have been…


 

Prevention of Breast Cancer
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Significant research over the past three decades has focused on the screening, early detection, and treatment of breast cancer. More recently, efforts have focused on primary prevention, particularly in women who are deemed…


 

Biology and Natural History of Breast Cancer in the Elderly
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Normal breast tissue changes with age. The dense fibrous and glandular breast tissue of early adulthood is replaced by increasing amounts of fat as a woman ages.…


 

Genetics and Risk
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

For years, investigators have attempted to understand the clustering of breast cancer that occurs in certain families. Familial breast cancer has been characterized by an earlier average age of onset, an increased risk of…


 

Risk Factors
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Identification of risk factors is important in explaining the variation in breast cancer incidence across different populations. Risk factors can also identify women who may benefit from increased surveillance or preventive treatments.

 

Epidemiology
• Breast Cancer in the elderly • Jun 01 06

Incidence and Mortality
In 2000, an estimated 182,800 women were diagnosed with breast cancer in the United States. This figure represents approximately 30% of cancer diagnoses in women, with breast cancer ranking as the most…


 

Breast Radiation Device Associated with Complications
• Breast Cancer news • Jun 01 06

Doctors in New England have discovered that patients receiving accelerated-partial breast radiation therapy using a balloon brachytherapy system after lumpectomy for breast cancer can develop seroma, the retaining of fluid, in…


 

Carcinoma of the Male Breast
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Essentials of Diagnosis

» A painless lump beneath the areola in a man usually over 50 years of age.
» Nipple discharge, retraction, or ulceration may be present.

General…


 

Breast Cancer Palliative Treatment
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Introduction
This section covers palliative therapy of disseminated disease incurable by surgery (stage IV).

Radiotherapy
Palliative radiotherapy may be advised for primary treatment of locally advanced cancers with distant…


 

Breast Cancer & Risks of Pregnancy
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Data are insufficient to determine whether interruption of pregnancy improves the prognosis of patients who are discovered during pregnancy to have potentially curable breast cancer and who receive definitive treatment. Theoretically,…


 

Follow-Up Care
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Introduction
After primary therapy, patients with breast cancer should be followed up for life for at least two reasons: to detect recurrences and to observe the opposite breast for a second primary carcinoma.…


 

Prognosis
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Stage of breast cancer is the most reliable indicator of prognosis (Table 17-6). Patients with disease localized to the breast and no evidence of regional spread after microscopic examination of the…


 

Chemotherapy - Breast Cancer Palliative Treatment
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Cytotoxic drugs should be considered for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (1) if visceral metastases are present (especially brain or lymphangitic pulmonary), (2) if hormonal treatment is unsuccessful or the…


 

Breast Cancer Curative Treatment - Adjuvant Systemic Therapy
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Following surgery and radiation therapy, chemotherapy or hormonal therapy is advocated for most patients with curable breast cancer. The objective of adjuvant systemic therapy is to eliminate the occult…


 

Curative Treatment - Recommendations
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Earlier consensus held that breast-conserving surgery with radiation was the preferred form of treatment for patients with early-stage breast cancer. Despite the numerous randomized trials showing no survival benefit of mastectomy over breast-conserving…


 

Curative Treatment
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Introduction
Treatment may be curative or palliative. Curative treatment is advised for clinical stage I, II, and III disease (

Table 17-2). Patients with locally advanced (T3, T4) and…


 

Hormone Receptor Sites
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

The presence or absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the cytoplasm of tumor cells is of paramount importance in managing patients with breast cancer. Patients whose primary tumors are receptor positive have a…


 

Special Clinical Forms of Breast Cancer
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Paget’s Carcinoma

The basic lesion is usually an infiltrating ductal carcinoma, usually well differentiated, or a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). The ducts of the nipple epithelium are infiltrated, but…


 

Breast Cancer Differential Diagnosis
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

The lesions to be considered most often in the differential diagnosis of breast cancer are the following, in descending order of frequency: mammary dysplasia (fibrocystic condition of the breast), fibroadenoma, intraductal papilloma, lipoma,…


 

Clinical Clues to Early Detection of Breast Cancer
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

A. Symptoms and Signs
The presenting complaint in about 70% of patients with breast cancer is a lump (usually painless) in the breast. About 90% of breast…


 

Early Detection of Breast Cancer
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Screening Programs
A number of mass screening programs consisting of physical and mammographic examination of the breasts of asymptomatic women have been conducted. Such programs frequently identify about 10 cancers…


 

Carcinoma of the Female Breast
• Breast Cancer • May 31 06

Essentials of Diagnosis

  • Risk factors include delayed childbearing, positive family history of breast cancer or genetic mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2), and personal history of breast cancer or some types of…

 
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