Despite surgical advances, pancreatic cancer continues to be one of the most deadly and difficult cancers to manage due to a lack of effective therapies. However, VCU Massey Cancer Center and VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM) scientists in the lab of Paul B. Fisher, M.Ph., Ph.D., are hoping to change that with a novel combination of an experimental drug and a common antibiotic that has shown promising results in preclinical experiments.

The results of these experiments were recently published in the journal Cancer Research. The researchers found a potent synergistic effect when they combined the drug Sabutoclax and the antibiotic Minocycline. The combination was significantly toxic to pancreatic cancer cells and disrupted tumor growth and extended survival in several types of advanced pancreatic cancer mouse models.

“Pancreatic cancer is so difficult to treat because it shows distinct genetic profiles among patients. This complexity contributes to its aggressive nature and resistance to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy,” says Fisher, Thelma Newmeyer Corman Endowed Chair in Cancer Research and co-leader of the Cancer Molecular Genetics research program at Massey Cancer Center, professor and chair of the Department of Human and Molecular Genetics at the VCU School of Medicine, and director of the VIMM. “The multiple in vitro and in vivo models that we used have varying genetic backgrounds and yet they all still show susceptibility to this novel and exciting therapeutic combination.”

Sabutoclax is a novel drug that inhibits B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family proteins, which have been shown to be overexpressed in the majority of pancreatic cancers. Bcl-2 proteins play a key role in cell survival by protecting against a form of cell suicide known as apoptosis. Minocycline, a synthetic tetracycline-based antibiotic, has shown only limited success as an anti-cancer agent because it promotes the expression of pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins and, subsequently, can lead to inhibition of caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation downstream in the cell death pathway. Caspases are enzymes that play key roles in apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation, and their activation is necessary for apoptotic cell death. However, studies have also shown that Minocycline is capable of inducing modest cancer cell death and growth inhibition in a variety of cancer types. The researchers hypothesized that Sabutoclax may negate Minocycline’s Bcl-2 promotion and amplify its anti-cancer properties.

The synergistic effect of the two drugs completely eliminated Stat3 expression in pancreatic cancer cells. Stat3 is a protein that regulates a cell signaling pathway critical to tumor growth and development. Cell signaling pathways are a defined series of interactions between proteins that govern biological functions, initiated by receptors on the surface of cells. The researchers were able to reverse the lethal effects of the combination therapy by reintroducing activated Stat3 proteins.

VCU School of Medicine M.D.-Ph.D. student Bridget A. Quinn has played a critical role in advancing this novel therapeutic concept. In 2013, Quinn won an Excellence in Cancer Research Award at VCU Massey Cancer Center’s annual Cancer Research Retreat poster session for her research into the anti-cancer effects of Sabutoclax and Minocyline.

“We hope to continue evaluating other tetracyclines in combination with Sabutoclax to determine if these anti-cancer effects extend outside of just Minocycline,” says Quinn. “We would also like to determine if this combination is effective against other cancer types.”

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In addition to Quinn, Fisher collaborated on this research with: Luni Emdad, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., member of the Cancer Molecular Genetics research program at Massey, assistant professor in the VCU Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and member of the VIMM; Devanand Sarkar, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., Harrison Scholar and member of the Cancer Molecular Genetics research program at Massey, Blick Scholar, associate professor in the VCU Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and associate scientific director, Cancer Therapeutics, in the VIMM; Swadesh K. Das, Ph.D., member of the Cancer Molecular Genetics research program at Massey, member of the VIMM and assistant professor in the VCU Department of Human and Molecular Genetics; Siddik Sarkar, Ph.D., and Praveen Bhoopathi, Ph.D., both postdoctoral research scientists in the Department of Human and Molecular Genetics at the VCU School of Medicine; Mohammad Al-Zubi and Xue-Ning Shen, both research technicians in the VCU Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and the VIMM; Jun Wei, Ph.D., scientist at the Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute; Maurizio Pellecchia, Ph.D., professor at the Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute; Belal Azab, Ph.D., assistant professor at the University of Jordan; and Rupesh Dash, Ph.D., former postdoctoral research scientist in the VCU Department of Human and Molecular Genetics and now assistant professor at the Institute of Life Sciences in Bhubaneshwar, India.

This study was supported by National Cancer Institute (NCI) grants R1 CA127641 and R01 CA168517 and, in part, by VCU Massey Cancer Center’s NIH-NCI Cancer Center Support Grant P30 CA016059.

The full manuscript of this study is available online at: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/75/11/2305.full?sid=8ceb8640-fb3c-4a76-8278-e3d274d3acf1

News directors: Broadcast access to VCU Massey Cancer Center experts is available through VideoLink ReadyCam. ReadyCam transmits video and audio via fiber optics through a system that is routed to your newsroom. To schedule a live or taped interview, contact John Wallace, (804) 628-1550.

About VCU Massey Cancer Center

VCU Massey Cancer Center is one of only 68 National Cancer Institute-designated institutions in the country that leads and shapes America’s cancer research efforts. Working with all kinds of cancers, Massey conducts basic science, translational and clinical cancer research, provides state-of-the-art treatments and clinical trials, and promotes cancer prevention and education. Since 1974, Massey has served as an internationally recognized center of excellence. It offers one of the largest selections of cancer clinical trials in Virginia and serves patients at multiple sites throughout the state. Its 1,000-plus researchers, clinicians and staff members are dedicated to improving the quality of human life by developing and delivering effective means to prevent, control and ultimately cure cancer. Visit Massey online at massey.vcu.edu or call 877-4-MASSEY for more information.

About VCU and the VCU Medical Center

Virginia Commonwealth University is a major, urban public research university with national and international rankings in sponsored research. Located in downtown Richmond, VCU enrolls more than 31,000 students in 222 degree and certificate programs in the arts, sciences and humanities. Sixty-six of the programs are unique in Virginia, many of them crossing the disciplines of VCU’s 13 schools and one college. MCV Hospitals and the health sciences schools of Virginia Commonwealth University compose the VCU Medical Center, one of the nation’s leading academic medical centers.

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