Researchers from the University of Miami (UM) and the University of Heidelberg in Germany have developed a mathematical model to understand and predict the progress of a tumor, from its early stages to metastasis, in hopes of creating highly personalized treatment strategies for patients who have cancer. The findings are published in Nature’s new online journal Scientific Reports.

When a tumor forms in the landscape of the human body, one of two things may happen: the tumor can halt its growth and lie dormant or it can grow nourished by a network of underlying vessels that expands as the tumor develops. The vessels also provide a way for the cancerous cells to travel to other parts of the body, settle and grow - a process called metastasis.

The study reveals a hidden connection between the tumor and the nutrient supplying vessels. The method outlines paths of future tumor expansion and identifies specific points in the vessels that can be targeted to control the growth, explains Neil Johnson, Ph.D., professor of physics, director of the Complexity Research Group at UM College of Arts and Sciences and co-principal investigator of the study.

“Cancer is a disease of many scales. There are the individual cells, the cells that group together to form the tumor, the vasculature and finally metastasis. By including information about how the tumor grows in response to its nutrients, and how the growth of the tumor feeds back the nutrient supply itself, our model moves us one step closer to predicting the future evolution of a patient’s tumor,” Johnson says. “It opens up a path toward personalized treatment and intervention.”

One interesting aspect of the model is that it’s based on the distribution of feeding vessels in a tumor section. Since the vessels both feed and are fed by the tumor, estimates of growth characteristics for a patient’s tumor can be made. This type of estimate can potentially be applied to a better design of treatment schedules for cancer patients, explains Joseph D. Rosenblatt, M.D., interim director of Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, at UM Miller School of Medicine and co-principal investigator of the study.

“This method could be used to predict growth rates in the human setting and model effects of agents that specifically target supporting processes that sustain the tumor,” Rosenblatt says. “Our model may be useful in designing treatment intervals and dosage schedules based on more accurate assessment of growth dynamics and the interdependence of tumor growth and blood vessel formation.”

By analyzing images of tumor sections for distribution of tumor cells and tumor vasculature, the researchers created a simple model that predicts the most likely course of the disease, explains Sehyo Choe, post-doctoral research fellow at the Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics at the German Cancer Research Center in Germany and at the Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology University of Heidelberg; and co-principal investigator of the study.

“Our model implements local differences of a tumor directly extracted from in vivo images, and the parameters are directly measurable for each cancer,” Choe says. “By doing so, we believe we are one step closer to eventually building a model that will be able to describe a likely corridor of progression of a cancer, based on real-time information of a specific patient from images and other patient specific data.”

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The study is titled “Model for in vivo progression of tumors based on co-evolving cell population and vasculature.” Co-authors are Guannan Zhao, Ph.D. student and Zhenyuan Zhao, Ph.D., adjunct researcher in the Department of Physics, at the UM College of Arts and Sciences; Hyun-Mi Cho Ph.D. , and Seung-Uon Shin Ph.D. , research associate professors, at Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center.

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Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine opened in 1992 to provide comprehensive cancer services and today serves as the hub for cancer-related research, diagnosis, and treatment at UHealth - University of Miami Health System. Sylvester handles approximately 1,300 inpatient admissions annually, performs nearly 2,500 surgical procedures, and treats more than 4,400 new cancer patients. All Sylvester cancer specialists are on the faculty of the Miller School of Medicine, South Florida’s only academic medical center. In addition, Sylvester physicians and scientists are engaged in approximately 200 clinical trials and receive more than $55 million annually in research grants. Sylvester at Deerfield Beach opened in 2003 to better meet the needs of residents of Broward and Palm Beach counties, and now offers appointments with more than 30 physicians from 14 of Sylvester’s site disease groups. Sylvester also opened a satellite facility in Kendall in 2009.

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