It had been hoped for many years that intensive treatment of diabetes mellitus would reverse or defer significantly its major complications of microvascular and macrovascular disease, stroke, and heart attack, and be…

The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus is made primarily through the findings of elevated glucoses on fasting laboratory samples, random glucoses during outpatient or inpatient care, and, much…

A variety of metabolic, sensory, and cardiovascular conditions accompany the widespread prevalence of diabetes in the elderly and contribute to the reduced life expectancy that occurs with diabetes. Life expectancy…

The onset of type 1 diabetes is usually abrupt whereas type 2 diabetes is often present for years without overt signs or symptoms. Patients with undiagnosed diabetes may present…

Any features of the clinical picture that suggest end-organ insensitivity to insulin, such as visceral obesity, must be identified. The family history should document not only…

Insulin-treated patients with diabetes can have a full and satisfying life. However, “free” diets and unrestricted activity are still not advised. Until new methods of insulin replacement are developed that provide…

Since diabetes is a lifelong disorder, education of the patient and the family is probably the most important obligation of the clinician who provides initial care. The best persons to…

Pancreas transplantation at the time of renal transplantation is becoming more widely accepted. Patients undergoing simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation have an 85% chance of pancreatic graft survival and a…

Insulin is indicated for type 1 diabetes as well as for type 2 diabetic patients with insulinopenia whose hyperglycemia does not respond to diet therapy either alone or combined with other…

B. DRUGS FOR TREATING HYPERGLYCEMIA

A. DIET

A well-balanced, nutritious diet remains a fundamental element of therapy. However, in more than half of cases, diabetic patients fail to follow their diet. In prescribing a diet, it…

While patients with type 2 were not studied in the DCCT, the eye, kidney, and nerve abnormalities are quite similar in both types of diabetes, and it is likely that similar…

A. HYPERGLYCEMIA SECONDARY TO OTHER CAUSES
Secondary hyperglycemia has been associated with various disorders of insulin target tissues (liver, muscle, and adipose tissue). Other secondary causes of carbohydrate intolerance include endocrine disorders…

A fundamental controversy regarding whether diabetic microangiopathy is related exclusively to the existence and duration of hyperglycemia or whether it reflects a separate genetic disorder have been resolved by the findings of the…

1.

Urinalysis

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  a. Glucosuria -  A specific and convenient method to detect glucosuria is the paper strip impregnated with glucose oxidase and a chromogen system (Clinistix, Diastix), which…

Patients with type 1 diabetes have a characteristic symptom complex. An absolute deficiency of insulin results in accumulation of circulating glucose and fatty acids, with consequent hyperosmolality and hyperketonemia.

Patients with type 2…

Twenty-five percent of the general nonobese nondiabetic population has insulin resistance of a magnitude similar to that seen in type 2 diabetes. These insulin-resistant nondiabetic individuals are at much higher…

A slice of cherry pie a day may help stave off heart disease, research has found.

The fruit also lowers cholesterol levels and may…

In the most comprehensive look at genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes to date, a U.S.-Finnish team, working in close collaboration with two other groups, has…

The use of insulin glargine, a man-made type of insulin, for diabetes during pregnancy does not increase the risk of complications for the developing baby, findings from a pilot study indicate.

As you’re hitting the gym and avoiding fast food in your battle against the bulge this New Year, you could also be decreasing your risk of diabetes, a Medical…

Older people with diabetes are at greater risk of fracturing their hip than older people without diabetes, research hints.

The researchers compared hip fracture rates among 197,412 Ontario residents at…

A therapy that includes stem cell transplantation induced extended insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, according to a preliminary study in the…

Scientists at Weill Cornell Medical College have identified a protein called Rab10 as an important partner in the insulin-mediated uptake of glucose by cells, opening…

New research indicates that a significant number of Jamaican adolescents and young adults are being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, a disease once seen almost exclusively in middle aged and…