What Is It?

Astigmatism is an irregular curvature of the lens or the cornea of the eye. The cornea is the clear covering over the lens and the iris. It protects these structures and helps to transmit light through the eye. The cornea is normally round, although in people with astigmatism, it may be shaped like a football or oval. These variations in shape will cause light to scatter instead of focus on a single point as it passes through the cornea, resulting in blurred vision.

Many people have some degree of astigmatism. In fact, it is rare to find a perfectly formed eye. Astigmatism is thought to be hereditary, so if you have astigmatism, chances are good your children will have it also. The condition often occurs with other vision conditions such as nearsightedness (myopia).

The most common symptom of astigmatism is blurred vision. Some people describe it as double vision but in only one eye. As a result of trying to focus on near or distant objects, a patient may develop eyestrain, squinting and headaches. Astigmatism is present from birth, but it may not be noticed until a child begins to attend school or learns to read.

An ophthalmologist or an optometrist can diagnose astigmatism using a standard eye examination.

Astigmatism is a lifelong condition unless it is treated. It may worsen slowly over time but more typically, it remains stable throughout life.

Astigmatism cannot be prevented. It appears to run in families and is present from birth.

It is possible to correct astigmatism using glasses, certain types of contact lenses or surgery. Glasses are a good, reliable choice. Patients who prefer contact lenses may find that they are limited to hard lenses. Soft lenses sometimes can be used but aren’t as effective. Surgery may be a choice, especially for people who have dry eyes or other conditions that prohibit them from wearing corrective lenses. The most common type of surgery used to correct astigmatism is LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis).

In LASIK, a small incision is made on the surface of the eye to create a small flap of tissue, which then is lifted up. A cool laser beam then is used to resurface the eye to overcome the irregular curvature seen in astigmatism. The flap is replaced, and recovery is usually quick and painless.

You should call your doctor if you’re having trouble with blurred vision or headaches. You should schedule an eye appointment for your child if he or she complains of these symptoms, or if you notice a lot of squinting or eye rubbing.

Astigmatism is usually a stable condition, but, if left uncorrected, it may worsen gradually over time. Astigmatism can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses or surgery. Sometimes astigmatism can be caused by other medical conditions, particularly problems of inflammation of the eyelids. These conditions may require more frequent doctor visits and treatment.

Diseases and Conditions Center

All ArmMed Media material is provided for information only and is neither advice nor a substitute for proper medical care. Consult a qualified healthcare professional who understands your particular history for individual concerns.