The   choice   of   the   contraceptive   method   takes   into   account   the contraindications of the method as well as the patient’s personnel history, the type of demand, the…

The world population is expected to increase by 2.6 billion to 9.1 billion in 2050 ⁽¹⁾.  Particularly,  the developing countries contribute to this growth with consequent   increase   of…

Since the discovery of mifepristone (RU 486), other antiprogestins have been synthesized   as   onapristone(ZK   98.299)  and   lilopristone(ZK   98.734)  which compete with progesterone at the…

The world’s population is a growing problem of significant magnitude affecting development.  Besides,  unintended pregnancies resulting in elective abortions continue to be a major public health issue. 

In over half of these pregnancies, …

Fungal vaginal infections/colonisations can be divided into a symptomatic vaginal candidiasis and an asymptomatic vaginal Candida-carriage.  The latter seems to be a predisposing factor for the development of a…

The   changes   in   desire   and   sexual   satisfaction   during   hormonal contraceptive(HC)  use   are   important   elements   that   might…

Few studies focused on the depressogenic properties of the hormonal contraceptives(HC)  in spite of diffuse concern about mood changes⁽¹⁾. Several years   ago,it   was   affirmed   that  …

Paradoxically,  it is believed that lowering the steroid dose in modern hormonal contraceptives (HCs)  has been connected with a higher incidence of large ovarian follicles and cysts formation;  nevertheless, …

Irregularity in menstrual pattern is the most common clinical side-effect of hormonal contraceptives.  Therefore, an objective assessment of cycle control is critical in evaluation of a new contraceptive…

Adverse effects represent the main factors in determining acceptability and compliance with any contraceptive method. Most frequent symptoms are: weight gain, nausea, breast tenderness and menstrual disorders⁽¹⁾. Mild and transitory disturbances…

The   equilibrium   of   healthy   skin   and   mucosa   may   be   affected   by pharmaceutical   agents,  as   hormonal   contraceptives(HC)  causing   different manifestations.  Cutaneous…

Almost 18%  of the women suffering from migraine headaches and,  the last Classification of Headache Disorders of the International Headache Society clearly   identifies   an   “exogenous   hormone-induced…

It is widely known that hormonal contraceptives(  HCs)  use can lead to an impairment of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism which are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

These effects…

Severe   hepatobiliary   complications   secondary   to   the   use   of   hormonal contraceptives are rares.  Vascular symptomatology attribuitable to pill use includes the Budd-Chiari syndrome and Hepatic…

In the last years, the surgical progress led to progressive increase of number and survival time of heart transplant female recipients. While, the quality of their reproductive life,  assumed important…

HIV-positive women have reproductive patterns similar to those of HIV-negative women and would benefit from counselling about reversible methods of contraception.  AIDS/WHO estimates that 42 million people are living with HIV/AIDS  …

In the last years, the surgical progress led to progressive increase of number and survival time of heart transplant female recipients. While, the quality of their reproductive life,  assumed important…

In the last years, the surgical progress led to progressive increase of number and survival time of transplant female recipients. 

Oral and intrauterine device contraceptives are generally,considered contraindicated,  but if…

Toxic effects of the hormonal contraceptives (HCs)  are rare but potentially serious and require permanent termination of their use. HCs are contraindicated if there is a personal or family history of Porphyries, systemic lupus erythematosus,…

Literature data no reported significant association of age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, and exogenous hormone use with bladder cancer risk. Findings suggest that menopausal status and age…

Neurofibromas are benign tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath, which may occur sporadically and, in association with the common familial cancer syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). NF1 is a hereditary disease caused by mutations of…

Incidence rates for pancreatic cancer are consistently lower in women than in men. Previous studies suggested that reproductive factors, particularly parity, may reduce   pancreatic   cancer   risk   in…

Liver cell adenomas are rare benign tumors whose incidence has been increasing since 1970 ⁽⁹¹⁾.

They generally occur in otherwise healthy women over age 30, who have used hormonal contraceptives…

Skin expresses estrogen,  progesterone,  and androgen receptors.  Steroid hormones,  such as those contained in oral contraceptives,affect skin cell cycle control.

Consequently,  they can induce increase of epidermal growth factor signaling,  expression…

The association between oral contraceptive use and colorectal cancer have yielded conflicting results. The analysis from a multicenter case-control study, conducted in 6 Italian regions in 1992-96 with data from a…