Schizophrenia Neuropsychology • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Pattern of cognitive deficits There is growing awareness that cognitive deficits in schizophrenia represent a core feature of the disorder and cannot simply be dismissed as secondary consequences of psychotic symptoms (Breier 1999). The… Schizophrenia Genetics • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Genetic risk and early onset schizophrenia If there is a continuum of transmitted liability for schizophrenia then, as with other disorders of presumed multifactorial origin, early onset cases of schizophrenia should be associated with… Neurobiology of schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Neurodevelopmental models of schizophrenia Over the last decade the concept of schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disorder has taken a strong hold, although ‘neurodevelopmental’ is often used with a wide range of meanings. It… Aetiology and risk factors - Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Pregnancy and birth complications Pregnancy and birth complications (PBCs) have been implicated as a risk factor in schizophrenia. In a metaanalysis of 20 case - control studies, subjects who developed… Schizophrenia Epidemiology • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Incidence and prevalence Good population-based incidence figures for child and adolescent onset schizophrenia are notably lacking. What data do exist describe broader categories of psychosis, with diagnoses made… Schizophrenia Diagnosis and differential diagnosis • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Diagnostic validity There is now compelling evidence that schizophrenia can be identified using unmodified adult criteria in children as young as 7 years of age (Green et al. 1984; Russell et… Schizophrenia Differential Diagnosis • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Psychotic symptoms in children and adolescents are diagnostically non-specific, occurring in a wide range of functional psychiatric, neurodevelopmental and organic brain disorders. The differential diagnosis of schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence is summarized in… Schizophrenia clinical features • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Clinical phases of schizophrenia Premorbid social and developmental impairments Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia is characterized by poor premorbid functioning and early developmental delays (Alaghband-Rad et al. 1995; Hollis 1995). Similar developmental and… Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • Child and adolescent onset schizophrenia • May 06 09 Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating psychiatric disorders to affect children and adolescents. Although extremely rare before the age of 10, the incidence of schizophrenia rises steadily through adolescence to reach… Schizophrenia Neurobiological correlates • Schizophrenia • • The symptoms of schizophrenia • May 06 09 Postmortem and neuroimaging studies have provided evidence of structural and physiological abnormalities in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. Studies using neuroimaging techniques, studies investigating cognitive impairment, genetic investigations and studies of response to… Course of positive and negative symptoms - Schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • The symptoms of schizophrenia • May 06 09 The symptoms of schizophrenia are important both clinically and theoretically. There is great interest in identifying the course and characteristics of the symptoms in schizophrenia to determine the differential… Models of schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • The symptoms of schizophrenia • May 06 09 Categorical models Interest in negative symptoms re-emerged in the 1970s, as exemplified by Strauss and Carpenter (1974) and Andreasen (1979a,b,c). The turning point came perhaps from the works of Crow who, in 1980,… The symptoms of schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • The symptoms of schizophrenia • May 06 09 Schizophrenia is characterized by a multiplicity of symptoms arising from almost all domains of mental function, e.g. language, emotion, reasoning, motor activity and perception. These symptoms vary between patients, creating very diverse symptom… Diagnostic criteria for related psychotic disorders • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 Schizotypal disorder in ICD-10 is classified in the ‘Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders’ section as this disorder is described as possessing many of the characteristic features of schizophrenia without its obvious… Course and subtypes of schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 Both ICD-10 and DSM-IV provide broadly similar classifications of longitudinal course. The subtypes of schizophrenia included in both ICD-10 and DSM-IV are paranoid, catatonic, undifferentiated and residual schizophrenia. Hebephrenic schizophrenia is called… ICD-10 and DSM-IV concepts of schizophrenia and related disorders • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 Although attempts have been made to bridge the gap between ICD-10 and DSM-IV and move them closer, significant differences still persist concerning the definition, duration and subtypes of… Modern classifications of schizophrenia and their limitations • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 ICD-10 and DSM-IV provide the criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. At best, they can only be considered an ‘arbitrary but well informed consensus on the definition of… Empirical approaches to the classification of schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 Many of the clinical concepts of schizophrenia summarized so far, selected from a range that could be broadened to include dozens more authors, have been unsatisfactory in several ways: • … The concept of disease • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 Disease as entity or as deviation from normal functioning Kendell (1987) has pointed out that none of the four types of psychosis – schizophrenic, affective, good prognosis acute and chronic paranoid – discussed… The concept of autism • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 Bleuler (1919) regarded autism as one of the fundamental features of schizophrenia. He described it as an active withdrawal from contact with reality in order to live in an inner world of fantasy.… The phenomena of schizophrenia • Schizophrenia • • Concepts and classification of schizophrenia • May 05 09 Many attempts have been made to carry forward, refine or break up the syndromes described by the two conceptual giants. One motive was to improve earlier formulations of the fundamental characteristics that might… Cortical Brain Stimulation Offers Hope to People with Treatment-Resistant Major Depression • Mental health and Psychiatry news • May 05 09 The World Health Organization rates major depression as the top cause of disability worldwide, with an estimated 340 million people suffering from an episode of major… Dad’s mental health affects children too • Mental health and Psychiatry news • May 05 09 Fathers’ mental health problems may take a toll on their children’s psychological well-being, particularly that of their sons, a new research review suggests. The review, published online by The Lancet medical… Bullying victims have more psychotic symptoms • Mental health and Psychiatry news • May 05 09 Being bullied in childhood doubles a young person’s likelihood of having psychotic symptoms in early adolescence, UK researchers report. In fact, with longer-lasting and more severe bullying comes greater risk, Dr.… Vitamin E may slow Alzheimer’s disease • Mental health and Psychiatry news • May 05 09 An analysis of “real-world” clinical data indicates that vitamin E, and drugs that reduce generalized inflammation, may slow the decline of mental and physical abilities in people with Alzheimer’s disease (AD)… Page 73 of 148 pages « First < 71 72 73 74 75 > Last » << Back to main
