Researchers from Inserm and Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), in collaboration with the university hospitals of 6 French cities, have analysed data on pre- and postnatal exposure to tobacco in the homes of 5,200 primary school children. They show that this exposure is associated with a risk of behavioural disorders in children, particularly emotional and conduct disorders. The association is stronger when exposure takes place both during pregnancy and after birth. These data show the risk associated with smoking in early life and its behavioural repercussions when the child is of school-going age.These results are published in the journal PLOS ONE.

The consequences of tobacco exposure are widely documented. It leads to many illnesses, including asthma. However, the potential role of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is much less well known in terms of its link to behavioural problems in children. In this context, the team led by Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Inserm Research Director at Unit 1136, “Pierre Louis Public Health Institute” (Inserm/UPMC) examined the association between pre- and postnatal ETS exposure and behavioural problems in children.

“Exposure to ETS in the postnatal period, alone or in association with exposure during pregnancy, increases the risk of behavioural disorders in primary school children,” explains Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Inserm Research Director.

These data come from the 6 Cities Study (see box), which targeted 5,221 primary school children. Prenatal (in utero smoking) and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke in the home was assessed using a standardised questionnaire completed by the parents. Behavioural disorders were assessed via the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) used to assess the behavioural and psychosocial functioning of the children, which was also completed by the parents.

In greater detail, emotional disorders are associated with exposure to ETS during both the prenatal and postnatal periods, which concerns 21% of the children in the study. Conduct disorders are also associated with ETS exposure in these children. The association also exists in cases of prenatal or postnatal exposure alone, but is less pronounced.

These observations seem to confirm those carried out in animals, i.e. that the nicotine contained in tobacco smoke may have a neurotoxic effect on the brain. During pregnancy, nicotine in tobacco smoke stimulates acetylcholine receptors, and causes structural changes in the brain. In the first months of life, exposure to tobacco smoke generates a protein imbalance that leads to altered neuronal growth.

“Our data indicate that passive smoking, in addition to the well-known effects on health, should also be avoided because of the behavioural disorders it may cause in children,” concludes the researcher.

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SOURCES

Postnatal environmental tobacco smoke exposure related to behavioral problems in children
Julie Chastang1,2,3 *, Nour Baïz1,3 * (PhD), Jean Sebastien Cadwalladder2, Sarah Robert2, John Dywer1, Denis Andre Charpin4 (MD), Denis Caillaud5 (MD), Frederic de Blay6, Chantal Raherison7, François Lavaud8 and Isabella Annesi-Maesano1,3 (MD, PhD)
1 Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases (EPAR), INSERM Joint Health Research Unit (UMR-S) 1136, Paris
2 Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC, University of Paris 6), Sorbonne Universities, School of Medicine, Department of General Practice, 75012 Paris, France
3 EPAR, Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC), Sorbonne Universities, UMR-S 1136, Paris
4 Marseille University Hospital, Pneumology Service
5 Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital
6 Strasbourg University Hospital
7 Bordeaux University Hospital
8 Reims University Hospital

PLOS ONE, September 2015
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138164

INVESTIGATOR CONTACT

Isabella Annesi-Maesano
Inserm Research Director
Department of Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases, Pierre Louis Institute of Epidemiology and Public Health (UMR-S 1136), (Inserm/UPMC), Paris
+33 (0)1 44 73 84 49 / (0)6 08 61 51 32
.(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)

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Isabella Annesi-Maesano
.(JavaScript must be enabled to view this email address)