Heart Disease Patients On Statins At Lower Risk Of Depression
Patients with heart disease who took cholesterol-lowering statins were significantly less likely to develop depression than those who did not, in a study by Mary Whooley, MD, a physician at the San Francisco VA Medical Center and a professor of medicine at the University of California, San Francisco.
The study was published electronically in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
Whooley and her research team evaluated 965 heart disease patients for depression, and found that the patients who were on statins were significantly less likely to be clinically depressed than those who were not. They then followed the 776 patients who were not depressed - 520 who were using statins and 256 who were not - for an additional six years. Of those taking statins, 18.5 percent developed depression, compared with 28 percent of those not on the drugs. Put another way, the patients who took statins were 38 percent less likely to develop depression than patients who did not.
As the study went on, said Whooley, the difference between the two groups became more pronounced, with the patients on statins becoming less likely to develop depression and the patients not on statins becoming more likely to become depressed over time.
“This would suggest that statins may have some kind of long-term protective effect against depression, perhaps by helping to prevent atherosclerosis in the brain, which can contribute to depressive symptoms,” Whooley said.
She also noted that statins have positive effects on the endothelium - the inner lining of the blood vessels - keeping blood vessels less rigid and therefore better able to adapt to the body’s changing needs. “The exact mechanism is not known, however, and requires further study,” she said.
Lower Risk Of Depression
Children with low levels of vitamin D may be at higher risk of depression, the Daily Mail reported.
Scientists found that children with the highest levels of vitamin D had a 10 percent lower risk of developing depression, according to the UK website.
The study, conducted by researchers at the University of Bristol, examined vitamin D levels in more than 2,700 children at ages nine and 13.
The Daily Mail said those with the lowest levels of vitamin D were more likely to show warning signs of depression. Additionally, those with higher levels were more likely to show a decline in depressive symptoms during their teenage years.
Vitamin D is mainly produced by sunlight, though it is also found in oily fish like salmon and tuna. Of the two forms of the vitamin - D2 and D3 - the strongest protective link against depression was found in D3.
Whooley cautioned that it is possible that patients who take statins “are just healthier overall than those who don’t, and somehow we’re not accounting for that in our analysis, even though we adjusted for factors such as smoking, physical activity and cholesterol levels.”
If statins are definitively proven to protect against depression, said Whooley, they could be used to reduce the burden of depressive symptoms in patients with heart disease and, by extension, improve cardiovascular outcomes in depressed patients. Whooley has shown in previous studies that heart disease patients with depression are less likely to exercise and take medication, thus increasing their risk for heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular events.
Coffee Can Lower Risk of Depression in Women
Women who drink four or more cups of coffee a day can lower their risk of depression, a U.S. study out Tuesday showed.
Researchers from the Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, found that women who drink four or more coffees a day had a 20 percent lower risk of developing clinical depression than those who consumed one cup of coffee per week or less.
Women who consumed two to three cups per day had a 15 percent decreased risk of developing depression, according to the study.
The benefits only seem to be associated with drinking caffeinated coffees. There were no similar trends found with decaffeinated coffee, or other caffeinated drinks such as tea or soda.
“Our results support a possible protective effect of caffeine, mainly from coffee consumption, on risk of depression,” lead author Michel Lucas said. “Further investigations are needed to confirm this finding and to determine whether usual caffeinated coffee consumption may contribute to prevention or treatment of depression.”
Statins are the most commonly-prescribed medication in the world, according to the study authors. “They are relatively safe, and generally well-tolerated,” said Whooley.
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University of California - San Francisco. “Heart Disease Patients On Statins At Lower Risk Of Depression.” Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 28 Feb. 2012. Web.