When it comes to male fertility, it turns out that size does matter.

The dimension in question is not penis or testicle size, but a measurement known as anogenital distance, or AGD.

Men whose AGD is shorter than the median length - around 2 inches (52 mm) - have seven times the chance of being sub-fertile as those with a longer AGD, according to a study published on Friday in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives.

That distance, measured from the anus to the underside of the scrotum, is linked to male fertility, including semen volume and sperm count, the study found. The shorter the AGD, the more likely a man was to have a low sperm count.

‘Sub-fertile’ means that a man has a sperm count of less than 20 million per milliliter. Past research has shown that men in this category have about half the chance of conceiving as do men with normal sperm counts.

According to study author Shanna Swan of the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York, the new finding offers the prospect of a relatively simple fertility screening test for men.

“It’s non-invasive and anybody can do it, and it’s not sensitive to the kinds of things that sperm count is sensitive to, like stress or whether you have a cold or whether it’s hot out,” Swan said in a telephone interview.

“If somebody’s got a short AGD, particularly if they have problems conceiving, I would say get to the infertility doctor, because the chances are good that something is wrong.”

But Dr. Natan Bar-Chama, who heads the male reproductive medicine at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York, stressed that the study was the first of its kind in humans.

“Assessment of AGD as a routine evaluation of one’s fertility is premature,” Bar-Chama, who wasn’t involved in the study, told Reuters Heath.